How Much Gold Each Country Holds
As of October 9, 2026, the United States holds 8,134 tonnes of gold, the largest holding reported to the International Monetary Fund. Its figure has not moved since the reported series began in October 2000. The 27 countries on this page hold 29,131 tonnes between them, +227 tonnes over twelve months. The Gold Barometer reads 33 out of 100.
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Since 1971 that has happened 94 times, about twice a year. The last time was March 2026.
What the record says
Over twelve months the 27 countries added +227 tonnes between them, +0.8% of what they held. Poland added the most, +133 tonnes. Russia reduced its holding the most, -56 tonnes.
15 of the 27 did not move at all. The largest holdings are the stillest. The United States has been unchanged for the whole series, from October 2000. Italy has been unchanged for the whole series, from August 2000, and France unchanged since September 2009.
Each country is shown at its own latest reported month, between July 2026 and September 2026. The figures are what each central bank reports to the IMF, not an audit of its vaults. Countries that do not report to the IMF, Taiwan among them, cannot appear here.
How much gold each country holds, in tonnes
One row per country, largest holding first. The change columns compare the latest reported month with the same month one and five years earlier. "Unchanged since" is the first month of the current figure, within a tenth of a percent.
| Rank | Country | Tonnes | Share of the 27 | Reported month | 12-month change, tonnes | 12-month change | 5-year change, tonnes | Unchanged since |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | 8,134 | 27.9% | July 2026 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | October 2000 |
| 2 | Germany | 3,349 | 11.5% | August 2026 | -1 | 0.0% | -10 | February 2024 |
| 3 | Italy | 2,452 | 8.4% | August 2026 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | August 2000 |
| 4 | France | 2,437 | 8.4% | August 2026 | 0 | 0.0% | +1 | September 2009 |
| 5 | China | 2,387 | 8.2% | August 2026 | +84 | +3.7% | +438 | moved this month |
| 6 | Russia | 2,271 | 7.8% | August 2026 | -56 | -2.4% | -25 | moved this month |
| 7 | Switzerland | 1,040 | 3.6% | August 2026 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | September 2008 |
| 8 | India | 881 | 3.0% | August 2026 | +1 | +0.1% | +155 | June 2025 |
| 9 | Japan | 846 | 2.9% | September 2026 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | March 2021 |
| 10 | Turkey | 791 | 2.7% | August 2026 | -6 | -0.7% | +88 | moved this month |
| 11 | Poland | 648 | 2.2% | August 2026 | +133 | +25.7% | +418 | moved this month |
| 12 | Netherlands | 612 | 2.1% | September 2026 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | December 2008 |
| 13 | Portugal | 383 | 1.3% | August 2026 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | October 2022 |
| 14 | Kazakhstan | 370 | 1.3% | July 2026 | +61 | +19.8% | -18 | moved this month |
| 15 | Saudi Arabia | 323 | 1.1% | August 2026 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | January 2014 |
| 16 | United Kingdom | 310 | 1.1% | September 2026 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | March 2018 |
| 17 | Spain | 282 | 1.0% | August 2026 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | July 2007 |
| 18 | Austria | 280 | 1.0% | August 2026 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | September 2007 |
| 19 | Thailand | 235 | 0.8% | July 2026 | 0 | 0.0% | -9 | March 2024 |
| 20 | Belgium | 227 | 0.8% | August 2026 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | March 2011 |
| 21 | Singapore | 203 | 0.7% | August 2026 | -1 | -0.4% | +50 | July 2026 |
| 22 | Philippines | 134 | 0.5% | August 2026 | +2 | +1.8% | -23 | February 2026 |
| 23 | Sweden | 126 | 0.4% | August 2026 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | September 2009 |
| 24 | South Africa | 126 | 0.4% | August 2026 | +1 | +0.9% | +1 | June 2026 |
| 25 | Mexico | 120 | 0.4% | July 2026 | 0 | -0.1% | 0 | May 2026 |
| 26 | Indonesia | 87 | 0.3% | August 2026 | +7 | +8.3% | +8 | January 2026 |
| 27 | Australia | 80 | 0.3% | August 2026 | +2 | +2.6% | +8 | January 2026 |
Source: International Monetary Fund, official reserves data, monthly, fine troy ounces, converted at 32,150.7 ounces to the tonne. A figure of 0 in a change column means the reported holding is the same to the nearest tonne. The whole series, every country and month, is one file: gold-reserves-by-country.csv.
Who added gold and who sold it over twelve months
Largest additions
- Poland: +133 tonnes, +25.7%
- China: +84 tonnes, +3.7%
- Kazakhstan: +61 tonnes, +19.8%
- Indonesia: +7 tonnes, +8.3%
- Philippines: +2 tonnes, +1.8%
Largest reductions
- Russia: -56 tonnes, -2.4%
- Turkey: -6 tonnes, -0.7%
- Germany: -1 tonnes, 0.0%
- Singapore: -1 tonnes, -0.4%
Why governments keep this metal rather than another is on why gold is so valuable. A country that buys gold for its reserves is making a decision taken over years. That is why this demand is one of the seven conditions in the score. How the panel's buying enters the score is on the central bank and fund demand page.
How much gold does the United States hold?
8,134 tonnes, reported for July 2026, which is 261.5 million troy ounces. At the September 2026 average price of $4,319 an ounce, that is worth about $1.13 trillion. The figure has been unchanged for the whole series, from October 2000. It is 28% of the gold held by the 27 countries here, and a little less than Germany, Italy and France together, at 8,238 tonnes.
How much gold does China hold?
2,387 tonnes, reported for August 2026: +84 tonnes over twelve months and +438 tonnes over five years, the largest five-year addition on this page. China's series here starts in June 2015. The figure is what the central bank reports, in the months it chooses to report it. Russia, for comparison, reports 2,271 tonnes, -56 over twelve months.
What this table does not show
Only countries that report their gold to the IMF appear, and only the 27 the site follows. Taiwan is not an IMF member. Uzbekistan and Libya are on the site's list but return no monthly figure. Some countries report with a lag of a month or two, and some round to the tonne. A few report a figure that has not changed in years. Gold held by sovereign funds, by state banks that are not the central bank, or in private hands is not here. The World Gold Council's quarterly table ranks about a hundred countries from the same source plus its own estimates. This page is the monthly reported figure, and nothing else.
The instrument behind these numbers
The Gold Barometer scores buying conditions for gold from seven measured conditions. Central bank buying is one of them, read from the same IMF series as this table. The reading below is today's score.
- Buying conditions today
- Unfavorable
- Months like this since 1971
- 153
- Gold held by the 27 countries
- 29,131 tonnes
Which of the seven conditions moved this month is on why is gold going up or down. Each condition has its own page.
Related questions
- Why is gold going up or down right now?
- Why is gold so valuable?
- Gold to silver ratio: today and since 1960
Common questions
Which country has the most gold?
The United States, with 8,134 tonnes reported for July 2026. That is 28% of all the gold held by the 27 countries on this page. It is a little less than Germany, Italy and France combined, at 8,238 tonnes. Germany is second with 3,349 tonnes.
How much gold does the United States have?
8,134 tonnes, or 261.5 million troy ounces, as reported to the IMF for July 2026. At the September 2026 average price of $4,319 an ounce, that gold is worth about $1.13 trillion. The reported figure has been unchanged for the whole series, from October 2000.
How much gold does China hold?
2,387 tonnes reported for August 2026, +84 tonnes over twelve months and +438 tonnes over five years. China's reported series on this page starts in June 2015. Only what the central bank reports is counted, and it reports in its own time.
Which countries added the most gold over the last twelve months?
Poland (+133 tonnes), China (+84 tonnes), Kazakhstan (+61 tonnes). The largest reduction was Russia, -56 tonnes. 15 of the 27 countries did not move at all.
Where do these figures come from, and why do other tables differ?
From the International Monetary Fund's monthly data on official reserves, in fine troy ounces, converted to tonnes here. The World Gold Council publishes a quarterly ranking of about a hundred countries, built from the same IMF data plus its own estimates. This page keeps to the 27 reporters the site follows every night, each at its own latest reported month, and adds nothing of its own.
Today's reading, with the buyer's verdict and the evidence behind it, is on the home page. One email goes out the day the reading moves to a new zone, in either direction. The sign-up is just below.
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Get one email the day gold buying conditions enter a new zone. Up or down.
Since 1971 that has happened 94 times, about twice a year. The last time was March 2026.